Abstract This study aimed to make a longitudinal analysis of interexaminer calibration reproducibility in diagnosing dental caries in posterior teeth, by examiners without previous experience in epidemiological studies. A group of 11 inexperienced examiners underwent theoretical-practical training and calibration assessments, assisted by a standard examiner. An examiner who did not participate directly in the research selected 5-year-old children with and without caries. The D3 diagnostic threshold was used to evaluate dental caries, based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The initial calibration (baseline) was performed after the theoretical-practical training session, and consisted of examining 20 children; the second calibration occurred three months later, and involved evaluating another 18 children. The interexaminer agreement was obtained by kappa statistics, and by overall percentage agreement. The paired t-test was applied to compare the values for kappa means and overall percentage agreement between the time points studied. At baseline, the values for kappa (> 0.81) and overall percentage agreement (> 95.63%) were considered high. At the 3-month calibration assessment, all the examiners showed some decrease in both kappa (p < 0.0001) and overall percentage agreement (p = 0.0102). The calibration process currently proposed by the WHO is effective. However, reproducibility was not maintained over time for inexperienced examiners evaluating the posterior teeth of 5-year-old children, under epidemiological conditions.

Resumo Introdução O desenvolvimento do complexo craniofacial resulta da interação de fatores genéticos e ambientais. Dentre as ocorrências que podem afetar esse desenvolvimento, estão as odontológicas. A cárie dentária e a má oclusão são de etiologia multifatorial e atingem grande parte da população, podendo impactar a qualidade de vida. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto de fatores clínicos, funcionais e sociais na qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde bucal de crianças e suas famílias. Material e método A amostra consistiu de 753 crianças matriculadas nas escolas públicas da cidade de Araraquara-SP. Foram realizados exames bucais para avaliar a ocorrência cárie dentária (ceo-d e CPO-D) e a má oclusão (Foster, Hamilton) e aplicado um questionário socioeconômico aos pais, além do questionário para avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde bucal (ECOHIS). Os dados foram avaliados por meio de análise bivariada e, em seguida, pelo modelo de regressão logística múltipla, considerando o nível de significância de 5%. Resultado A condição social, além das variáveis clínicas de cárie dentaria e trauma dental, apresentou associação com o impacto negativo na qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde bucal nas três sessões do questionário: criança, pais e geral, respectivamente. Conclusão A experiência da cárie dentária, o nível socioeconômico e o trauma dental foram variáveis preditoras para o impacto negativo na qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde bucal de crianças e suas famílias. Os hábitos estão mais relacionados ao índice ceo-d e ao nível socioeconômico do que com a má oclusão.

Abstract Introduction The development of the craniofacial complex results from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Dental caries and malocclusion have a multifactorial etiology and affect a large part of the population, which may impact the quality of life. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of clinical, functional and social factors on oral health-related quality of life of children and their families. Material and method The sample consisted of 753 children enrolled in public schools in the city of Araraquara-SP. Oral examinations were performed to assess dental caries (dmft and DMFT) and malocclusion (Foster, Hamilton) and a socioeconomic questionnaire was administered to the parents, in addition to the quality assessment questionnaire. health-related life expectancy (ECOHIS). Data were evaluated by bivariate analysis and then by multiple logistic regression model, considering the significance level of 5%. Result Social condition, besides the clinical variables dental caries and dental trauma were associated with the negative impact on oral health-related quality of life in the three questionnaire sessions, child, parent and general respectively. Conclusion The experience of dental caries, socioeconomic status and dental trauma were predictive variables for the negative impact on oral health-related quality of life of children and their families. Habits seem to be more related to the dmft index and socioeconomic level than to malocclusion.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto do perfil facial nos domínios da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB) de jovens adultos. Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal realizado com 205 jovens adultos, com idade média de 23,1 anos. Os indivíduos responderam questões sobre QVRSB (OHIP-14) e autoestima (Global Negative Self-Evaluation). O Componente de Saúde Bucal (DHC) do Índice de Necessidade de Tratamento Ortodôntico (IOTN) avaliou as necessidades normativas de tratamento ortodôntico e definiu clinicamente a má oclusão dentária. O perfil facial foi analisado por meio de fotografias e dicotomizado em dois níveis: perfil facial normal (reto) e perfil facial alterado (convexo ou côncavo). Um pesquisador calibrado realizou os exames clínicos. A associação entre as variáveis independentes e o desfecho (QVRSB) foi determinada pela análise de regressão linear múltipla hierarquizada para cada domínio do OHIP-14. Considerando a variável de interesse (perfil facial), o domínio incapacidade psicológica foi o item mais afetado. Resultados: Indivíduos com perfil facial alterado tiveram 2,47 (1,04-5,85) vezes mais chances de relatar impacto na incapacidade psicológica do que aqueles com perfil normal (p > 0,05). A associação foi modulada pela má oclusão dentária e a autoestima. Conclusões: O perfil facial alterado (convexo ou côncavo) apresentou impacto negativo nos aspectos psicológicos da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal de adultos jovens.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the impact of facial profile on young adults’ oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) item levels. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with a population-based sample of 205 young adults, with a mean age of 23.1 years. The individuals answered questions about OHRQoL (OHIP-14) and self-esteem (Global Negative Self-Evaluation). The Dental Health Component (DHC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was used to evaluate normative orthodontic treatment needs and define dental malocclusion clinically. Facial profile was analyzed using photographs and dichotomized into two levels: normal (straight) and altered facial profile (convex or concave). A calibrated researcher performed the clinical examination. Association between the independent variables and the outcome (OHRQoL) was established by hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis for each item level. Considering the variable of interest (facial profile), the psychological incapacity domain was the most affected item. Results: Individuals with changed facial profile had 2.47 (1.04-5.85) times higher chances of reporting impacts on psychological incapacity than those with a normal profile (p> 0.05). The association was modulated by dental malocclusion and self-esteem. Conclusions: The convex and concave facial profile showed a negative impact on the psychological aspects of young adults’ quality of life.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the difference in the on-line searches for terms related to hand hygiene during the COVID-19 pandemic in developed and middle-income countries. Material and Methods: The cross-sectional study analyzed the digital data through the Google Trends website to obtain the variation of the relative search volume (RSV) through the terms "alcohol gel" and "handwashing." According to socio-economic development, the countries were divided into two groups: countries from different continents and hemispheres, with more than 15 million inhabitants, with more than 50% of the population with access to the Internet network and over 1,000 confirmed cases of infected with COVID-19. The paired t-test was applied to compare the means. The significance value adopted was p<0.010. Results: The searches related to the term "hand washing" were more significant when compared to the term "alcohol gel," and the term "alcohol gel" presented a higher average volume of research in developed countries (p<0.010). The developed countries had a higher average relative volume of research than middle-income countries (p<0.010). Developed countries sought more for the term "alcohol gel," and the term "hand washing" showed no difference in the volume of research about the country's socio-economic aspect. Conclusion: Developed countries have a higher volume of search for hand hygiene terms. The middle-income countries must create proposals for raising awareness outside the on-line environment so that this information reaches the entire population during the pandemic.

Resumo Introdução Embora muitos estudos estejam sendo realizados com o bruxismo do sono, a literatura aponta uma carência de estudos com qualidade metodológica em crianças. Objetivo Avaliar os aspectos comportamentais e clínicos associados ao provável bruxismo do sono na primeira infância. Material e método Estudo observacional transversal realizado com 371 crianças entre 4 e 6 anos de idade. Os pais responderam a um questionário com aspectos relacionados ao comportamento do sono de seus filhos. Entre as características clínicas, foram avaliados a presença de selamento labial, estalidos, marcas dos dentes na mucosa julgal e na lateral da língua. O desgaste dentário foi avaliado por meio dos critérios do índice de BEWE. Foram ajustados modelos de regressão logística simples, para cada variável independente, estimando-se os odds ratios brutos com os respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança. As variáveis com P< 0.20 nas análises individuais foram ajustadas em um modelo de regressão logística múltipla, permanecendo no modelo aquelas com P ≤ 0.05. Resultado 42.4% dos pais relataram que seus filhos rangiam os dentes enquanto dormiam. Crianças que apresentaram desgastes nos dentes, tinham 1.53 vezes mais chances de ranger os dentes. Não houve associação significativa com as demais variáveis analisadas (P> 0.05). Conclusão Aspectos comportamentais não apresentaram associação com o provável bruxismo do sono. Entre as características clínicas avaliadas, o desgaste dentário apresentou associação, podendo ser um indicador para o provável bruxismo do sono na primeira infância.

Abstract Introduction Although many studies are being carried out with sleep bruxism, the literature points to a lack of studies with methodological quality in children. Objective To evaluate the behavioral and clinical aspects associated with probable sleep bruxism in early childhood. Material and method A cross-sectional observational study carried out with 371 children between 4 and 6 years of age. Parents answered a questionnaire with aspects related to their children's sleep behavior. Among the clinical characteristics, the presence of lip sealing, clicking, teeth marks on the jugal mucosa, and the side of the tongue was evaluated. Tooth wear was assessed using the BEWE index criteria. Simple logistic regression models were adjusted for each independent variable, estimating the gross odds ratios with the respective 95% confidence intervals. Variables with P <0.20 in the individual analyzes were adjusted in a multiple logistic regression model, with those with P ≤ 0.05 remaining in the model. Result 42.4% of parents reported that their children gritted their teeth while sleeping. Children who showed wear on their teeth were 1.53 times more likely to grind their teeth. There was no significant association with the other variables analyzed (P > 0.05). Conclusion Behavioral aspects were not associated with probable sleep bruxism. Among the clinical characteristics evaluated, tooth wear showed an association, which may indicate the probable bruxism of sleep in early childhood.